عالم النبات

🌳هل شجرة جار الماء (Alder) يسخدم في صناعة البارود؟

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🌳 شجرة جار الماء (Alder)

يطلق اسم جار الماء على نحو ثلاثين نوعًا من الشجيرات الموجودة في المناطق المعتدلة الشمالية من الكرة الأرضية.

الخصائص النباتية والاستخدامات

التصنيف: تُنسب إلى أشجار البتولا.
الأوراق: تشبه أوراق جار الماء أوراق أشجار البتولا، وهي ذات شكل بيضي مُسنن الحواف.
الأزهار:
- الأزهار الأنثوية معروفة بالنورات الهرية.
- تتحول هذه النورات إلى شكل مخروطي قوي يشبه مخروط الصنوبر.
- تحتوي هذه المخاريط على البذور وتتلون باللون الأسود بعد أن تسقط بذورها.
- تبقى هذه المخاريط السوداء طوال فترة الشتاء بأكمله، وتساعد في معرفة نبات جار الماء بسهولة.
الانتشار: تتشكل هذه النباتات في أجمات وتوجد عادةً في:
- منحدرات الجبال.
- مناطق السدود.
- أطراف البحيرات والنهيرات.

الخشب والمنتجات المستخرجة

الخشب: يكون خشب جار الماء رخوًا ويسهل تشكيله.
- يتميز خشب جار الماء بلون أبيض عند قطعه للمرة الأولى.
- يتحول الخشب إلى اللون الأحمر عند تعرضه للهواء.
الاستخدامات:
- يستخدم الفحم الحجري المستخرج من جار الماء في صناعة البارود.
- يُستفاد من قلفه (لحائه) في دباغة الجلود.
- يحتوي القلف أيضًا على صبغ يُستخدم في إنتاج الأصباغ.

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